Poverty in female-headed households. Comparison between North Region of Argentina and Total Country

Authors

Keywords:

Poverty; Female poverty; Argentina.

Abstract

Poverty in female-headed households has been the subject of several studies in various countries of the world, but not in Argentina. In this paper we address this issue and explore the situation in the Norte Grande in Argentina (NGA). This region has the highest poverty levels in the country, considering both the monetary and non-monetary dimensions (González, 2019), and comparatively high levels also of people living in single-parent and large households, in which the risks of poverty are greater than in other households. The questions we are trying to answer are two: a) if there is evidence of feminization of poverty in the country, and b) if the NGA registers a level of feminization of poverty higher than the national average, after controlling factors that determine poverty of homes. We find that Argentina experiences the phenomenon of feminization of poverty, that the feminization of poverty has increased in the last seven years (since 2013) and that the NGA region does not present levels of feminization of poverty greater than the rest of the country once controlled the determinants of poverty.

Author Biographies

Jorge Paz, CONICET

Doctor in Economics (UCEMA, 2007) and Doctor in Demography (UNC, 2018). Principal Investigator of the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Category 1 Researcher of the incentive program (Ministry of Education of the Nation) and regular professor at the National University of Salta. He directs the Institute for Labor Studies and Economic Development (IELDE) and the Master's Degree in Development Economics (MED), National University of Salta.Member of the Advisory Council for the Chronic Poverty project (CIPPEC) and associate researcher at the Center for Studies on Human Development (CEDH) Universidad de San Andrés. Researcher of the International Project National Transfer Accounts (NTA) of the Center for the Economics and Demography of Aging, University of California at Berkeley.He has been an associate researcher in the Population Division of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). He has led and leads projects of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF Argentina and Brazil), the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), the World Bank (WB), the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Centro Latin American and Caribbean Demography (CELADE-CEPAL), the International Labor Office (ILO). He collaborates and collaborated with the Social Capital Fund (FONCAP) and the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), and with the provincial (Buenos Aires, Mendoza, Tucumán and Salta), and national governments of the Argentine Republic. He has published 9 books and more than 30 articles in academic journals.

Carla Arévalo, CONICET

Doctor in Demography from the National University of Córdoba. Master in Economics from the National University of La Plata. CONICET Postdoctoral Fellow with a workplace at the Institute for Labor Studies and Economic Development (IELDE). Economist, professor of Economic Development at the National University of Salta.

References

Aguilar, P. (2011) “La feminización de la pobreza: conceptualizaciones actuales y potencialidades analíticas” R. Katál., 14(1): 126-133.

Aisa, R.; Larramona, G. & Pueyo, F. (2019) “Poverty in Europe by Gender: The role of education and labour status” Economic Analysis and Policy 63: 24–34.

AlAzzawi (2015) Is there Feminization of Poverty in Egypt? Working Paper Series, Economic Research Forum, Dokki, Giza.

Arévalo, C., y Paz, J. (2015). Pobreza en la Argentina. Privaciones múltiples y asimetrías regionales. IELDE, Documento de trabajo Nro. 15, primavera, Salta.

Ariza, M. y de Oliveira, O. (2001). “Familias en transición y marcos conceptuales en redefinición” Papeles de Población, Nro. 28: 9-39.

Binstock, G. (2018) “Hogares y organización familiar” En Piovani, J. & Salvia, A. (Compiladores) La Argentina en el siglo XXI. Cómo somos, vivimos y convivimos en una sociedad desigual. Siglo XXI Editores, Buenos Aires: 421-442.

Blinder, A. (1973). “Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates” The Journal of Human Resources, 8(4): 436-455.

Bradshaw, S. Sylvia Chant & Brian Linneker (2019) Challenges and Changes in Gendered Poverty: The Feminization, De-Feminization, and Re-Feminization of Poverty in Latin America, Feminist Economics, 25:1, 119-144, DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1529417.

Buvinic, M., & Gupta, G. R. (1997) “Female-Headed Households and Female-Maintained Families: Are They Worth Targeting to Reduce Poverty in Developing Countries?” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 45 (2), 259-280.

Cortés, F. (1997), “Determinantes de la pobreza de los hogares. México, 1992”, Revista Mexicana de Sociología, México, volumen 59, N° 2.

Fairlie, R. (2005). “An extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique to logit and probit models” Journal of Economic and Social Measurement, 30: 305–316.

González Rosada, M. (2019) Feminización de la pobreza en Argentina, Foco Económico, marzo, disponible en: https://focoeconomico.org/2019/03/20/feminizacion-de-la-pobreza-en-argentina/.

González, F. (2019) Pobreza multidimensional urbana en Argentina: Un análisis de las disparidades entre el Norte Grande y Centro-Cuyo-Sur (2003-2016), tesis de maestría Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca.

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC, 2016) La medición de la pobreza y la indigencia en la Argentina, Metodología INDEC Nº 22, Buenos Aires.

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC, 2020a) Mercado de trabajo. Tasas e indicadores socioeconómicos (EPH), Trabajo e ingresos, vol. 4, n° 3, primer trimestre de 2020, Buenos Aires.

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC, 2020b) Evolución de la distribución del ingreso (EPH), Trabajo e ingresos, vol. 4, n° 4, segundo trimestre de 2020, Buenos Aires.

Jann, B. (2008). “The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition for linear Models” The Stata Journal, 8(4): 453-479.

Kynch, J. & Sen, A. (1983) “Indian women: well-being and survival” Cambridge Journal of Economics, 7: 363-380.

Liu, Ch.; Esteve, A. & Treviño, R. (2017) “Female-Headed Households and Living Conditions in Latin America” World Development, 90(C): 311-328.

Mazzeo, V. (2008) Las familias monoparentales en Argentina: la importancia de la jefatura femenina. Diferencias regionales, 1980-2001, ponencia presentada al congreso de ALAP, Córdoba.

Medeiros, M. & Costa, J. (2008) “Is There a Feminization of Poverty in Latin America?” World Development 36(1): 115–27.

Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social (MTESS, 2019) Informe sobre la situación de género en el sistema de riesgos del trabajo, Superintendencia de Riesgos del Trabajo, Departamento de Estudios Estadísticos Gerencia Técnica, Buenos Aires.

Oaxaca, R. (1973). “Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets” International Economic Review, 14(3): 693-709.

Oaxaca, R. and Ransom, M. (1988). “Searching for the Effect of Unionism on the Wages of Union and Non-Union Workers” Journal of Labor Research 9: 139–148.

Paz, J. (2019a) “La brecha salarial por género en Argentina: análisis acerca de la segmentación laboral” Soc. e Cultura., Goiânia, 22(1): 157-178.

Paz, J. (2019b) La pobreza en la Argentina. Explorando más allá de los ingresos y más allá de los promedios (Incidencia, composición y evolución 2004-2019). IELDE, Documento de Trabajo Nro.21.

Paz, J. (2020) Introducción al estudio de la segregación ocupacional por género en la Argentina. Documentos de Trabajo RedNIE, 2020-10.

Pearce, D. (1978) “The feminization of poverty: women, work and welfare” Urban and Social Change Review, 11, 28-36.

Rajkarnikar, J. & Ramnarain, S. (2019) “Female Headship and Women’s Work in Nepal” Feminist Economics, DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2019.1689282, https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2019.1689282.

Ravallion, M. (2016). The Economics of Poverty. History, Measurement and Policy. Oxford University Press, London.

Snyder, A.; McLaughlin, D. & Findeis, J. (2006) “Household Composition and Poverty among Female-Headed Households with Children: Differences by Race and Residence” Rural Sociology 71(4): 597–624.

Published

2021-01-20

How to Cite

Paz, J. ., & Arévalo, C. (2021). Poverty in female-headed households. Comparison between North Region of Argentina and Total Country. Scientific Journal Visión De Futuro, 25(1). Retrieved from https://visiondefuturo.fce.unam.edu.ar/index.php/visiondefuturo/article/view/485

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.